Lab testing may be required to determine the source of the salts, which can also indicate the source of the moisture if it is not readily apparent. They can come from the presence of de-icing salts or polluted rain water, from improper cleaning methods, from the setting bed, and even from the soil beneath the setting bed if the installation has not been properly insulated. They may be inherent in the stone itself. They can help determine the source of both the moisture and the salts and offer practical solutions specific to your situation to resolve the problem and help prevent its re-occurrence. If spalling progresses too far, the stone will wind up needing to be replaced, so it is best to address the problem as early as possible, by contacting a stone restoration expert to evaluate the stone. This condition can be particularly damaging if the stone experiences freeze-thaw cycles, since the moisture and salts will freeze and expand, building up even more pressure within the stone. Applying a sealer prematurely will not solve the subflorescence and will actually block the escape of moisture, making things even worse.Flaking (also called spalling) in natural stone is generally an indicator of sub-florescence, a condition in which mineral salts are carried into the stone by moisture and accumulate beneath the stone’s surface, creating stress within the pores of the stone. A major mistake that is often made-even by some professionals-is to apply a sealer to the stone or tile before the sub-florescence is completely resolved.
It's been freezing then thawing and since it's your entry getting salt/deicers etc. Slate it is a very fragile stone probably not the best to use in high traffic areas or where it has open edges.
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